Cov Khoom Siv Tau Zoo (PLA)
Cov khoom siv degradable yog cov ntaub ntawv uas ua rau ob qho tib si thermodynamically thiab kinetically dhau ib lub sijhawm. Raws li qhov xwm txheej sab nraud ntawm kev puas tsuaj, nws tuaj yeem faib ua: cov khoom siv tau duab, cov khoom siv biodegradable, thiab lwm yam.
Polylactic acid (PLA), tseem hu ua polylactide, yog sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm cov khoom lag luam microbial fermentation lactic acid. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo tom qab siv yam tsis muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig.
Polylactic acid tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv cov fibers thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab nrog cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws, thiab nws lub zog feem ntau piv rau cov nylon fibers thiab polyester fibers. Polylactic acid tuaj yeem hydrolyzed rau hauv lactic acid thiab acetic acid hauv lub cev thiab hloov pauv mus rau CO2 thiab H2O los ntawm cov enzymes, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv los ua khoom siv kho mob. Nyiv thiab Tebchaws Meskas tau ua cov yas polylactic acid rau hauv phais phais, pob txha dag, thiab tawv nqaij dag. Polylactic acid kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov ntim ntim khoom, ua cov mulch zaj duab xis, cov kis las ncaws pob thiab cov txaj. Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej tau ntxiv, thiab lwm yam ntxiv ntxiv tuaj yeem ua kom puas tag nrho. Tam sim no, Sumitomo Corporation ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Wamer-Lamber ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, thiab Ferrizz ntawm Ltalis thov tias kev tshawb fawb tau muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab zoo ntawm 90% txog 100%. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, ua kom biodegradable kiag li (Lub Ib Hlis txog 1 xyoos) yam tsis muaj ib qho cim tseg, tsis muaj kuab paug, tuaj yeem siv los tsim ntau yam ntim, fwj, zaj duab xis thiab hnab khib nyiab.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tag nrho yog ua kom cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov pauv thiab tsis zoo, tsim cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab nrog lub zog thermoplastic, yog li nws tseem hu ua thermoplastic hmoov txhuv nplej siab yas. Nws cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom siv yas ua ib txwm muaj.
Qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tsim cov yas yas biodegradable los ntawm hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau ua tiav biodegradability hauv ntau qhov chaw ib puag ncig; tom qab kev puas tsuaj lossis ashing ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv cov yas, cov pa roj carbon dioxide tau tsim, uas tsis ua rau cov av lossis huab cua phem; Cov txheej txheem tsim nyog ua rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tuaj yeem ua cov thermoplasticized kom ua tiav cov khoom siv dag zog ntawm cov khoom yas; hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog cov peev txheej txuas ntxiv mus, thiab kev siv cov hmoov txhuv nplej ua ntej yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam nyob deb nroog.
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias feem ntau ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab plastics tam sim no tau tsim hauv Suav teb tau ntim cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, uas yog, ib feem ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau ntxiv rau cov khoom siv tsis-biodegradable polymer, thiab lub cev lub zog ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tawg vim biodegradation ntawm hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Cov pab pawg kawg tau nthuav tawm los ua rau oxidative degradation, tab sis PE, PVC, thiab lwm yam hauv qhov seem tom qab qhov no&"tsoo &"; tsis zoo li yuav tsum tau degraded thiab nyob hauv cov av, uas yuav tau ua rau muaj kuab paug. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom lag luam no tau muab cais ua kev tshem tawm hauv txawv teb chaws. yam. Cov yas yas uas tuaj yeem tawg tau yog hais txog cov yas uas tuaj yeem ua rau qis hauv qhov kev ua ntawm lub teeb.
1. Piv txwv ntawm cov yas yas uas tuaj yeem kho tau
Cov duab yas tuaj yeem muab cais ua cov khoom siv hluavtaws degradable thiab ntxiv cov yas uas tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
(1) Cov khoom siv hluavtaws degradable yas
a, ethylene / carbon monoxide copolymer (E / CO)
Photodegradation yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev tawg. Tus nqi photodegradation thiab qib E/CO cuam tshuam nrog cov ketone pawg uas muaj nyob hauv cov saw. Cov ntsiab lus siab dua, nrawm dua qhov kev puas tsuaj thiab qib ntau dua. Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv Texas, Asmeskas, tau ua qhov kev sim sab nraum zoov ntawm E/CO. Thaum lub Rau Hli Ntuj tshav ntuj, E/CO tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo li ob peb hnub.
b, yas / yas ketone copolymer (Ecolyte)
Pawg ketone nyob rau sab saw ntawm Ecolyte molecule tuaj yeem decomposed los ntawm kev ua ntawm lub teeb ntuj. Ecolyte' s photodegradation kev ua tau zoo dua E/CO, tab sis tus nqi kuj tseem siab dua.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj polymers yog qhov kev puas tsuaj pib tshwm sim thaum pom lub teeb, nrog rau lub sijhawm me me, thiab yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tswj lub sijhawm pib.
(2) Ntxiv cov yas photodegradable yas
Ntxiv cov yas photodegradable yas yog ib qho me me ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntxiv rau cov polymer. Ntawm qhov siab, nws yog photooxidation degradation catalyst, uas tau hnov los ntawm tshav ntuj (ultraviolet teeb) ua rau polyolefin polymer tawg.
Ntxiv cov duab hluav taws xob xws li ketones thiab amines rau polymers xws li PE thiab PP tuaj yeem ua tiav cov duab zoo dua qub.
Cov yas yas ntxiv tau ntxiv tau muaj tus nqi qis, txheej txheem tsim khoom yooj yim, thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm cov zaj duab xis mulch. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo yog qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov chaw raug nthuav tawm yog qhov ua tau zoo, thiab ib feem faus rau hauv av tsis zoo. Lub sijhawm ua kom tsis zoo ntawm cov yas yas uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau tuaj yeem tswj tau ntau dua ob lub hlis. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm ua kom tsis zoo tuaj yeem tswj tau.
Ntau ntawm peb cov neeg siv khoom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom ntawm PLA. Peb kuj txhawb cov neeg siv khoom' xaiv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Ib qho ntxiv, lub tuam txhab tseem tab tom ua daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb lees paub tias ua tsis tau zoo DIN EN13432, thiab cia siab tias nws yuav tau ntawv pov thawj thaum lub Tsib Hlis xyoo tom ntej.
